At the moment when the dividend of domestic Internet has peaked, more and more Chinese entrepreneurs and investors have begun to pay attention to "globalization". In 2021, 36 krypton will go to seaContinue to launch globalization manualTo explain the basic features, cultural environment, market characteristics and entrepreneurial opportunities of Germany, France, Britain and other European countries one by one.After learning about GermanyAs the first Western power to formally establish diplomatic relations with China, France in Western Europe will become our second stop into Europe.
What do you think of when you mention your impression of France? Is it the Eiffel Tower on the Seine River? Is it world-famous perfume and red wine? Or the romantic French people? When you "walk into" France, you will find that France has gone through a hundred years of vicissitudes. France, with a population of 67 million, is the largest country in Western Europe and one of the four largest economies in Europe. In this land with a history of 100 years, there are many world famous enterprises such as Carrefour, L'Oreal, Michelin, Renault, Total, AXA, and dozens of them are among the top 500 enterprises in the world.
In order to enable readers to have a more comprehensive understanding of France, the French chapter of the globalization manual will be divided into two parts. In the first part, we will introduce France from the perspectives of history, humanities, and education; The lower part focuses on the French economy and venture capital ecology.
Basic information of the country: France and the French
France, located in the corner of Western Europe, is a "hexagon" country facing water on three sides, bordering Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium and Luxembourg on the east and Spain and Andorra on the south.
The full name of France "The French Republic, La R é public que fran ç aise" originates from the Frankish Kingdom in the early Middle Ages. From the end of the Middle Ages (the 5th century to the 15th century AD), France became one of the major European countries. In the 17th and 18th centuries, under the rule of Louis XIV, the autocratic monarchy reached its peak. With the development of capitalism and the decline of the Bourbon dynasty, the French Revolution in 1789 overthrew the Bourbon dynasty, which had ruled for many centuries, and the autocratic monarchy also collapsed.
In the troubled times, France has successively experienced the First Republic established in 1792, the First Empire established by Napoleon, the restoration of the Bourbon Dynasty, the July Dynasty, the Second Republic, the Second Empire, and the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Republics. During this period, France's national strength reached its peak in the 19th and 20th centuries. Before the Second World War, France was the second largest colonial empire in the world, second only to Britain, and its colonial area was 20 times that of the mainland. During World War II, under the leadership of Charles de Gaulle, France announced the establishment of a provisional government in June 1944 and the establishment of the Fourth Republic in October 1946. It was not until September 1958 that France adopted a new constitution. Since then, the Fifth Republic has been established. In December of the same year, Charles de Gaulle was elected President.
Today, France has grown into the seventh largest economy in the world and the third largest economy in Europe. With a land area of more than 550000 square kilometers, it has become the largest country in the European Union and the largest country in Western Europe. Although the colonial era has ended, apart from mainland Europe, France still has about 140000 square kilometers of overseas territory.
Population and age
Back in France, there are more than 67 million people living here. Although its population is only 5% of China's, France is a highly urbanized country. According to the statistics of the World Bank and the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects in 2021, the population of France (excluding overseas) will exceed 67 million in 2020, of which the urban population is about 54 million, accounting for about 80% of the total population. In contrast, China's urbanized population accounts for about 60% of the total population.
At the same time, France is also a very "old" country. According to the data of World Population Review in 2021, France is also affected by aging, with a median age of 41.4 years. In contrast, the median age of the other three major European economies is higher in Germany and Italy than in France, except that Britain is slightly lower than France.
Language and Religion
When it comes to France, religion is an unavoidable topic. In fact, France is also a multi religious country, among which Catholicism and Christianity are the most widely accepted religions, as well as Islam, Orthodox Church, Judaism and so on. However, although more than half of the French still "claim" that they are Catholics or Christians, only a few people often attend religious services. As the number of "non believers" continues to rise, these two major sects have also been greatly impacted. According to the survey of Montaigne Institute, a well-known French think tank, as early as 2016, 39.6% of people declared that they had no religious beliefs. Different from Christianity and Catholicism, the followers of Islam have increased in recent years. According to Pew European Islamic Research, it is estimated that 8-10% of the French are Muslims at present, which is the country with the highest proportion in Europe (excluding Türkiye).
In addition, as the only official language, French is the most important language in France. According to BBC, in France, more than 80% of people's first language is French, including some ethnic minorities. In addition to French, the main language of the residents living in Alsace Lorraine in the eastern region of France is German (dialect), accounting for about 3% of the total population; Arabic accounts for about 1.7% of the total population of France; The main language of the residents living on the French Italian border is Italian. In addition, there are Basque, Flemish, Tyronian, Celtic, Brittany, and Oxitan dialects.
education
In terms of education, as a country with an adult literacy rate of nearly 100%, France attaches great importance to education. In terms of education governance, the French government emphasizes the right of citizens to receive education and equal opportunities. The National Syllabus Committee will regularly review and modify the content of education, reform the school system and simplify examinations.
In addition, France also attaches great importance to educational reform. After two educational reforms in the 50-60s of the 20th century, there have been three stages of education: primary education, secondary education and higher education. It is understood that children in France can enter pre-school education from the age of 3, while children in some remote areas can begin to attend pre-school classes from the age of 2. According to the statistics of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the enrollment rate of French children in preschool education has reached 100% in 2017.
In terms of compulsory education, France has lowered the starting age of compulsory education from 6 to 3 years old since 2019, and public primary and secondary schools are free of tuition. Except for private schools, colleges and universities generally charge only a small amount of registration fees. The school system of primary education is five years, and the enrollment rate is 100%. Secondary education includes general education and vocational and technical education. Among them, general secondary education is divided into two stages, namely, junior high school and senior high school, with a duration of seven years. Secondary vocational and technical education has developed rapidly in recent years, mainly including technical high school, vocational high school, apprentice training center and pre employment education adaptation class. Higher education is divided into comprehensive universities, higher professional colleges, higher technical schools and scientific research and education institutions that undertake teaching tasks.
In fact, France, as one of the four largest economies in Europe, is now one of the top entrepreneurial centers in Europe, especially Paris. It is not only home to the Louvre, the Eiffel Tower, the Arc de Triomphe and other places of interest, but also the world's largest and most "luxurious" incubator Station F.In the next part, we will lead the readers to understand the "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" of the Makron version.
In the past few years, 36Kr Global, Asia's leading new business media and enterprise service platform, has helped Asia's innovation capabilities cross national borders and be applied and tested in more markets by mobilizing ecological resources and service experience across Asia. In 2021, in order to provide the value of connectivity in a wider geographical scope,36Kr Global established the European Station KrEurope and Australia New Zealand Station Kr ANZ, aiming to help more Asian companies expand markets in Europe, Australia and New Zealand together with local partners, and help overseas companies enter Asia to promote business cooperation in Asia and overseas regions in a wider geographical scope.If your company is interested in cooperation, please contact zhaoxiaochun@36kr.com Detailed consultation.
LET'S CHUHAI CLUB Sailing to Southeast Asia Salon - Beijing Station
On December 16, the fourth stop of "LET'S CHUHAI CLUB Sailing to Southeast Asia Series Salon" jointly sponsored by Singapore Economic Development Council and 36 Krypton Sailing to the Sea will arrive in Beijing. This activity will focus on the hot topics such as enterprise service companies' market strategies in Southeast Asia, how multinational enterprises break through cultural barriers, and discuss business opportunities and challenges for enterprises to go to Southeast Asia, so as to create a next-generation global enterprise.
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